The 90 nm Prescott Pentium 4 was much more power hungry than the previous 130 nm Northwood Pentium 4.

Even worse than the TDP was the fact that the 90 nm Pentium 4 had huge leakage current, so its idle power consumption was about half of the maximum power consumption, e.g. in the range 50 to 60 W for the CPU alone.

Moreover, at that time (2004) the cooler makers were not prepared for such a jump in the idle power consumption and maximum power consumption, so the only coolers available for Pentium 4 were extremely noisy when used with 90 nm Pentium 4 CPUs.

I remember when at the company where I worked, where we had a great number of older Pentium 4 CPUs, which were acceptable, we got a few upgrades with new Prescott Pentium 4. The noise, even when the computers were completely idle, was tremendous. We could not stand it, so we have returned the computers to the vendor.

The die was much smaller…

Which was huge in the era when CPUs didn't underclock themselves at idle to save power and coolers looked like this: https://www.newegg.com/cooler-master-air-cooler-series-a73/p...

Some coolers today still look like that but they're on chips drawing 35W or so while idling at <2W.

I mean, if what you want is P4-class performance, the modern semiconductor industry is excellent at delivering that with low TDP. An Apple A18 Pro [1] gives you over 7x the single thread performance of a Pentium 4 Extreme Edition [2] at 8 W TDP, compared to 115 W for the latter.

[1]: https://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu.php?cpu=Apple+A18+Pro&id=62...

[2]: https://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu.php?cpu=Intel+Pentium+4+3.7...