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There used to be licensing restrictions as well -- I think on x86 it was theoretically only free to run on IBM hardware or with other IBM software (ie. WebSphere, DB2, Tivoli, etc).
IBM has had their own JDK implementation for more than 15 years. April 6th 1997 is about as close a date as I can find: http://www.os2ezine.com/v2n7/javarev.htm (that's version 1.0.2, so it's probably even earlier).
IBM have a license and produced a fully compatible implementation. Before Oracle bought BEA (who bought JRockit) there was also another independent commercial JDK implementation in addition to the IBM and Sun/Oracle ones.
It's my understanding that Sun had a number of patents specifically for using Java on mobile devices that don't apply to non-mobile devices.