Nobody in school ever tells you that there are glossaries on Wikipedia that tell you the meaning of the symbols. You're supposed to figure it out yourself using vibes.
The way mathematic notation is taught is inherently unstructured. You're expected to just get it.
I often see people make the mistake of trying to teach inappropriately abstract things to small children, because that's what the pros do, and we want the little kids become pros as soon as possible. Problem is, trying to skip the fundamentals is only harmful in long term.
First kids need to learn what all that stuff means, and then we can proceed to teach them the shortcuts.
Seems like a pretty easy example to make practically, for map have a collection of things, say balls or black. Pick up each one and do a thing to them, paint them blue for example.
For filter do the same except have two different colour balls, if they are yellow they get thrown away, of they are blue they get put in a bucket.
A for loop doing exactly the same you would need to explain the topic at hand, as well as explain iterating an index etc...
Maps and filters also require understanding of higher order functions and the very idea of passing function around as a value. I would argue that implementing map/filter with a loop and then demonstrating how this pattern is generalized as .map()/.filter() functions is better and more accessible