A bit of a clickbait title but interesting read. I guess we are still too early to know how GenAI will make things evolve in realm of human intelligence. My bet is that it will actually enhance it that atrophy it.
If you give the LLM the professor's prompt and turn in what it produces, you won't learn anything. If you write your own essay (perhaps using an LLM to find sources) and then go back and forth with an LLM to improve it, LLMs may help you learn.
My bet is that it will have little, if any, effect. No other technology we've produced so far has resulted in an overall increase in intelligence. I'm hard-pressed to come up with a reason why this one would be any different.