My first UNIX was Wang IN/ix, which was 14 characters. That was in the very late 80s. Not long afterwards for home use I got Coherent OS, that also had a max of 14.
Later was Slackware, seemed the sky was the limit.
But to be honest, I wish there was still a smaller file name limit, I usually keep my file names size small. But I know I am in a tiny minority when it comes to the size of the file name :)