Another good approach to small elements like these is using icon fonts. For example, GitHub recently changed all of their nav icons from sprites to a custom icon font called Octicons:
Say Hello to Octicons: https://github.com/blog/1106-say-hello-to-octicons
The Making of Octicons: https://github.com/blog/1135-the-making-of-octicons
Edit: I realize icon fonts are mentioned in the Smashing Mag article, but GitHub's articles are considerably more thorough.