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I can't speak about Chef, but Ansible is as far removed from declarative as is possible when compared to guix and nix.

And thank god for that. I'm very thoroughly over declarative management systems: the world isn't declarative, and all these systems are only as good as their implementation.

Ansible at least doesn't lie to you about this: it provides the tools to be declarative, but doesn't pretend to understand your problems better then you.

Opinions differ, I guess. Ansible can't declare a desired state of anything at all and apply it, so I don't see much of a point in it over shell-scripts-over-ssh, other than maybe making decisions based on its fact gathering (but at the cost of having to deal with the yaml boilerplate).

Agreed Ansible isn't fully declarative like some other tools, but the variable management, roles, template engine, and integrated vault, are a big improvement from shell-scripts-over-ssh. Also in some cases, having yaml structure can be a good thing. Handing a pile of shell spaghetti to a new hire and expecting them to reason about it is less than ideal.

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