There are plethora of mistakes one can make in implementing AuthN/AuthZ, and many of them almost immediately will lead to either the direct leak of PII or can form the start of a chain of exploits.
Storing password hashes in an inappropriate manner -> BOOM, all your user's passwords are reversible and can be used on other websites
Not validating a nonce correctly -> BOOM, your user's auth tokens can be re-used/hijacked
Not validating a session timestamps correctly -> BOOM, your outdated tokens can be used to gain the users PII