It is referenced down in the wonderful tree of knowledge, but I thought I would lift this info up to the top level. A system like this called a "bimodal editor" from the work of Ravi Chugh [1] see the project Sketch-n-Sketch [2] these kinds of systems got a big kick in the pants with Bret Victor's talk Inventing On Principle [3]. That in turn kicked off a wonderful dynamic execution Clojure IDE called lighttable [4]

There are tons of other great research projects and researchers in this fascinating space. Comment is not meant to exclude.

[1] https://people.cs.uchicago.edu/%7Erchugh/

[2] https://ravichugh.github.io/sketch-n-sketch/

[3] https://vimeo.com/906418692

[4] https://web.archive.org/web/20250616031034/http://lighttable... (demo video plays)