Your location is leaked in many, many ways. Even if you have location services off on your phone, the first-party (Google, Apple) has access to your precise location. On Android, this bypasses VPNs, and I believe on iOS/Mac first-party apps
also bypass VPNs. You are trusting that this data is not leaked to any third-parties. You cannot verify this, as the data is exfiltrated to servers which you can't verify.
Okay, fine, I'll just install another operating system then, like KDE plasma mobile or GrapheneOS. Your location is still leaked 24/7. This is because your cellular modem has it's own operating system, running underneath your phone's operating system, which is triangulating your location at all times. Once again, you are trusting that telecommunications companies aren't misusing this - but please remember they're complied, by law, to make a lot of this information available to numerous third parties.
Okay fine, let me just remove the Sim then and use my phone on Wifi only, always through a VPN. Your location is still being leaked potentially, for example, by your car. Your car also has a cellular modem which leaks your location, and you probably signed a contract allowing that data to be given to hundreds of third-parties.
Of course, all of this is assuming you don't use any social media. Social media can also leak your location, even without location services. If you review a restaurant - that's your location. Where are your friends? You're probably around them. And on and on.