- bandwidth of the network
- how fast the nic on the server is
- how fast the nic on your device is
- whether the server response fits in the amount of data that can be sent given the client’s initial receive window or whether several round trips are required to scale the window up such that the server can use the available bandwidth
This could be achieved by encapsulating TCP in UDP and running a custom TCP stack in userspace on the client. That would allow protocol innovation without throwing away 3 decades of optimizations in TCP that make it 4x as efficient on the server side.
Generic support for tunneled TCP is far more doable than support for a new and volatile protocol.
It could still be faster in real world situations where the client is a mobile device with a high latency, lossy connection.