Does having a VPN/intranet preclude zero trust? It seems you could do both with the private network just being an added layer of security.
VPN puts a user on the network and allows a bad actor to move laterally through the network.
In fact, I'd say is a good defence-in-depth approach, which comes at the cost of increased complexity.
If there are tens of different services, is it more likely that one of them has vulnerablity than both VPN and service has? And vulnerability in VPN alone does not matter if your internal network is build like it is facing public world. You might be able to patch it before vulnerability in other services is found.
But I am saying that a VPN isn’t zero trust, by the agreed upon industry definition. There’s no way to make a VPN zero trust, and zero trust was created specifically to replace legacy VPNs.