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I think You're looking for something called a "tri-mode HBA." They run about $200 on ebay and as you mentioned- the m.2 to u.2, u.3, etc is passive (minus power)

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That's not really a M.2 nvme to sata converter though. That's just something that can take pci-e lanes and either give them to nvme drives through a pci-e multiplexer or convert the pci-e lanes to saas or sata. It also isn't passive, there's lots of processors to make it happen.

Once they talk about adding a SATA controller- imho, trimode controllers become the obvious solution.

If you want to get super hacky, if the SATA backplane is direct instead of multiplexed, passing a single lane of PCIe over SATA is possible. Probably limited to pcie 2.0 though. And they're absolute abominations, real frankensteins monster stuff.

Edit: I mean the physical layer. Obviously you can't control a pcie device with a sata controller, but the cable will do a single wide pcie link.

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