> it's clear that the current 2FA approach isn't good enough. I don't know how to improve on it
USE PASSKEYS. Passkeys are phishing-resistant MFA, which has been a US govt directive for agencies and suppliers for three years now[1]. There is no excuse for infrastructure as critical as NPM to still be allowing TOTP for MFA.
[1]https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/M-22-0...