No, Linux is not the issue -- my System76 Lemur holds 14+ hours. Haven't used X1 Carbon for a while, but it also held way longer than Framework.
I'm not sure if that's possible on windows. I know my work laptop doesn't work that way, but then, it probably runs all sorts of enterprise settings.
I'm unaware of how much access Framework has to the underlying firmware blobs. If they don't have source/license/keys/etc for the right parts, they might be at the mercy of their own vendors for S3 support.
The oldest AMD chip framework sells is two generations, and to me knowledge don't have S3 support.