Being independent isn't necessarily about lower cost. Its about having an alternative that you control.
Being independent isn't necessarily about lower cost. Its about having an alternative that you control.
ESA's launch cadence does not permit populating a LEO constellation. On this, currently, America has a monopoly. (Soon, I expect, to be shared with China.)
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launcher...
You're correct. But ESA isn't developing a mass-manufactured ELV, either. Themis is basically rebuilding Falcon 1, Prometheus a methalox Merlin.
Nothing ESA is doing generates launch independence from America (or China) in respect of LEO constellations or a war in space.
(That said, I think reusable super-heavy launch, e.g. Starship, will render both mass-manufactured ELVs and these Falcon 1/9 siblings obsolete.)
ESA now has the ability but my comment was specifically pointing out that ESA absolutely should have the independent ability to launch equipment.
https://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2024/10/07/spacex-laun...