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Will/can Facebook tell you the real identity of the user? If no then Facebook has to take responsibility for the fraud/slander/libel. Currently Section 230 means they can't be held responsible.

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Yes. A plaintiff can file a civil lawsuit in a US court against a "John Doe" defendant and ask the court to order Facebook (or any online service) to turn over any data they have on the user's real identity. If the court agrees and issues the order then Facebook will comply: this is quite routine and happens all the time. The plaintiff can then amend the lawsuit to name specific defendants.

Section 230 is largely irrelevant to this process so I don't know why you'd bring it up. Have you ever even read the Communications Decency Act of 1996?

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