Artifacts are snapshots of system knowledge (code, builds, docs, configs, etc.).
The product is the living whole that emerges from these artifacts working together and delivering value.
When I see someone dismissing the code as a small irrelevant part of the task of writing software, it's like hearing that the low-level design and physical construction of a bridge is an irrelevant side-effect of my desire to cross a body of water. Like, maybe that's true in a philosophical sense, but at the end of the day we are building a real-world bridge that needs to conform to real-world constraints, and every little detail is going to be important. I wouldn't want to cross a bridge built by someone who thinks otherwise.
This is why we have the idiom: “Don’t tell me what the code says—show me the data, and I’ll tell you what the code does.”