>was rich in volatile elements essential for life, such as hydrogen, carbon and sulphur.

Today years old on learning that 'carbon' is a 'volatile element'. (I come to learn that astrogeology has a unique definition of volatile).

• The summary's own source article points makes no reference to carbon being volatile.

• The wikipedia article for 'volatiles' in the astrogeological sense makes no reference to carbon being volatile https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology) . Similarly, the wikipedia article for 'refractory', posed as the astrogeological opposite of volatile, does not place carbon at all in the spectrum of volatile to refractory.

• Contra: at least two papers do refer to carbon being a volatile element. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05276-x and https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.18262

[shrug]