My cynical take is that this is the US committing economic suicide, based on a misguided belief in something that'll never happen.
The new superpowers will be the EU, which was smart enough not to make the same gamble, and China, which will structurally survive it.
I also disagree with your conclusion of a moral imperative to make sure that AI succeeds. I believe it's the opposite. AI failing would finally create the long-needed revolutionary moment to throw off the shackles of the oligarchy that got us into this mess in the first place.