I wonder if the Daltonize! extension for Chrome would be something like that?

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chrome-daltonize/e...

Not exactly what you were asking, but you can check your software/webpage/publications with a tool like Color Oracle. It simulates different types of color blindness on your computer screen.

http://colororacle.org/

Adding to the list of suggestions by other commenters, Sim Daltonism: http://michelf.ca/projects/sim-daltonism/

I remember using it for a university project in 2007, in which we had to build a movie lookup website from scratch. I used Sim Daltonism to design 3 alternative CSS that would cater to the needs of people with different types of colorblindness (there's not just one type, although deuteranomaly (red/green colorblindness) is the most widespread).

The teacher thought it was superfluous and took points off. sigh :)