The other answers are great, but let me just add that C++ cannot be parsed with conventional LL/LALR/LR parsers, because the syntax is ambiguous and requires disambiguation via type checking (i.e., there may be multiple parse trees but at most one will type check).

There was some research on parsing C++ with GLR but I don't think it ever made it into production compilers.

Other, more sane languages with unambiguous grammars may still choose to hand-write their parsers for all the reasons mentioned in the sibling comments. However, I would note that, even when using a parsing library, almost every compiler in existence will use its own AST, and not reuse the parse tree generated by the parser library. That's something you would only ever do in a compiler class.

Also I wouldn't say that frontend/backend is an evolution of previous terminology, it's just that parsing is not considered an "interesting" problem by most of the community so the focus has moved elsewhere (from the AST design through optimization and code generation).