They could store a normalised, hashed version of your data and use it to filter any incoming datasets. But, of course, why would they?
Every single financial institution relies on these data-brokers. U-haul needs data brokers to be able to verify your driver's license, the TSA needs data brokers to let you on a flight without an ID. There are simply countless of reasons for why you wouldn't want to break this system for people who haven't opted in for breakage.
Not unique to a person
> email address, phone number
Also often not unique to a person, although email addresses probably tend to have much longer lifespans as identifiers than phone numbers.
If the idea is to have a true opt-out system, it's really really difficult to implement given how these systems work.
If you look at the data provided by services like accurint, you'll frequently see the same SSNs used for decades by multiple different individuals, often with IDs from different states with the same name and DoB despite obviously being different people. With how the system works in the US, it can often be impossible for anyone to determine which physical person the SSN was actually originally assigned to.
Same obviously applies to other identifiers you suggested, but even the seemingly good ones are not very good at uniquely identifying people.
It's not like brokers wait around for you to sign up for something new.
Old data is resold, merged with new data, mixed, stolen, discovered, reformatted... etc...
Your actions of course do have an impact, but does changing your behavior prevent the outcome of your data being collected?
Not even close.