Edit: very cool visualization btw. What are you using exactly on the backend for stream processing?
The backend is written in Ruby. The daemon to index tweets use the great Intridea gem https://github.com/intridea/tweetstream.
The page http://onemilliontweetmap.com/ is simple Sinatra application, and I use REDIS pub/sub to push tweets to the browser.
https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/statuses/sample
Returns a small random sample of all public statuses. The Tweets returned by the default access level are the same, so if two different clients connect to this endpoint, they will see the same Tweets
https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/statuses/firehose
Returns all public statuses. Few applications require this level of access. Creative use of a combination of other resources and various access levels can satisfy nearly every application use case.