For safety critical systems, one strategy is to store at least two copies of important data and compare them regularly. If they don't match, you either try to recover somehow or go into a safe state, depending on the context.
If they're hundreds of bytes or more, then two copies plus two hashes will do a better job.
If you're doing something that's more centralized then one hash might be simpler, but if you're centralized then you should probably use your own error correction codes instead of having multiple copies.