Yes and no. Even some arduinos are incompatible with certain arduino libraries. Most of the libraries were written for the most popular 328p chip at the most popular frequency (16mhz), but if you're using a Due or Attiny or even the 328p running a different frequency, you may need to touch up the libraries to get it to work. My guess is the compatibility levels would be similar here.

Most people are probably only aware of the arduino uno which uses the 328p chip, but there are probably 20 other atmel chip models that are also "arduino compatible". I typically use the attiny85 because my one-off projects rarely need all the pins on the 328p.