Having actually used IrDA on Sony, Nokia, and Ericsson devices, no it couldn't.
In the real world, two IrDA devices have to be very specifically aligned, and also brought within just a few inches of each other. There's no way data transfer would happen without your knowledge.
Knowing that, I doubt that someone with even moderate funding would have difficulty receiving a signal from any of the transmitters you mention.
But, in all honesty, if you put a physical cap on the transmitter and receiver, maybe I'm wrong.
But in the other hand, none of the devices I currently own have one of your transmitters, and they all have screens and cameras, so...
Thanks for the dialogue and for sharing your experiences.