the reality is that there a very wide spectrum of opinions about what immigration policy should like, and really not so many people in the (1) category
but governments apparently have roles which are not directly related to collecting taxes to lay sewers, and I think we should maybe be questioning those. and of course there are economic consequences to the population varying, and things start to unravel at both extremes of density.
from this perspective the US was a very good competitor in the attraction of talented citizens. sadly we won't really have a good accounting of what was lost.