If you don't mind installing an app for it, LocalSend or LANDrop are great for this.
AirDrop allows two devices to find each other and establish a temporary network to exchange data.
LocalSend and all similar tools require that you first set up a network, have both devices join it, _and then_ handles the final portion of the exchange. The key aspect of AirDrop is that it automates all the overhead.
The open/standard equivalent for AirDrop is Wi-Fi Aware (aka: Neighbor Awareness Networking), which still lacks software support.