I believe that this part of the speech is wrong, or overstated (and Rob did it on purpose). There ARE actual texts about how Go came to be, and none of it involves Google, as a corporate entity, wanting something particular and asking for some specific set of requirements, the way, say Ada was designed by the defence departments, of Erlang might have been designed by Ericsson. The story, as told also by Rob Pike elsewhere, speaks of some guys getting together t hack on a new language on some pain points THEY had, and mostly as a side project.
And, really, Go was never put front and center by Google, or that Google seems to care a lot about it and advertise. They've done far more for V8 and even Dart, including building a large team of full time paid compiler guys to work on those, whereas the did nothing of the sort for Go.
Not much adoption at Google either: some mysql load balancing service in YouTube, a caching layer for Google downloads, a Google doodle served by Go, and beta support in GAE pretty much sums it. Sure there should be some other small projects, but nothing earth shattering, the way C++/Java are used.