> Struggle to build a competitive 1T model (Grok 4.5) with massively more compute (Colossus-1 100-250K GPUs, Colossus-2 500K+ GPUs).

This feels like a very American way of designing things - just throw more horse power at it, bigger is better! The rest of the world is usually a bit more resource constrained and efficient at using those resources.

See also Mustangs vs German sports cars, giant American fridges, giant American suburban McMansions vs livable cities etc etc.