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Biology would greatly benefit. We barely understand transcription and protein structure. And the straightforward systems that we know like insulin have complex post translational modifications. So while we have a map of the partial proteonome, we have barely scratched the surface on networks regulation and interactions.

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> And the straightforward systems that we know like insulin have complex post translational modifications.

insulin is not straightforward, the way the insulin molecule interacts with its receptor is nuts. on the other hand its post translational modifications are simple and dont have anything particularly surprising (no glycoslation, disulfide bonds where you would expect, nothing special kex2 cuts, arent really defective in disease states even)

I think the question is less about where it's most beneficial but which knowledge structure lends itself to LLMs most. Since biology's "language" is way more complex and irregular than maths or natural language, it isn't particularly accessible.

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