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Tim Noakes is cited in the article for his 1987 book "The Lore of Running", I wonder if people following its 2021 "Real Meal Revolution" about keto would be subject to the very same OTS or not in the long run.

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It's impossible to do really high intensity endurance training on a ketogenic diet. You won't have the energy to execute the fast interval workouts necessary to increase your race pace. So in that sense it will prevent OTS, but it will also be impossible to compete at an elite level (except maybe for longer ultramarathon events where speed isn't as important).

The article talks about above 10 hours run time, is that "high intensity endurance" or something different in the context?

(Curious)

I don't think anyone has good data on sports where events last >10 hours. The population of athletes is quite small which makes it difficult to study effectively.

There is a bit more data on iron-distance triathlons, where the elites finish in the 7-8 hour range. They all do some high-intensity interval workouts and none are on ketogenic diets. Whether this type of training and racing is optimal for overall health and longevity is an open question; I suspect probably not.

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