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That does not apply universally and it mostly for various domestic payment processors of the very kind that should have also been implemented in the USA a long time ago, if the US government weren't so dark rotten and corrupt and had actually been responsive or even just representative of the people for the last 150 or so years.

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It applies to all card networks (ie Visa and Mastercard, and local schemes like Girocard and Cartes Bancaires, though in practice most local schemes had cheaper-than-cap fees anyway), for consumer cards only. About the only significant thing it does _not_ apply to is Amex, but in practice that's only issued in a couple of EU countries these days, and is not widely accepted.

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