I've also had success just asking claude to write documentation on a system or subsystem or module, etc, and reading that. I then sometimes have it turn that into an svg diagram or something visual that often helps understand things. That domain-specific knowledge is hard to gain though, so not a silver bullet by any stretch.
That changes the picture a lot though because OP's whole point was the impedance mismatch between colleagues.
If you're all self aware that you're all winging it, and learning together, that seems a lot more of a healthier culture.
I could (and do) lay blame on this new culture that "in the age of AI" things are there to be done, not learned, and doing is cheap (even if badly).
But I'm also particularly frustrated with myself for going along with it, and becoming that person.
I've never been that person. So on the one hand I feel I pressure to adapt or die. On the other hand adapting is dying, in a sense.
Don't just blindly pass around LLM generated content that you don't understand. I think it's important to consider that you are supposed to be more than just a meat proxy for the model. You don't want people to start associating you with AI slop.