Some work on this is happening yes, see https://stack72.dev/ai-broke-the-assumptions-behind-ci/ and https://pushgate.dev/

Testing can be offloaded to reduce CI load. Honestly a lot of devs/teams were always overly reliant on CI instead of just running tests locally..

But dev machines really shouldn't be part of the artifact supply chain. People do this, yes, but it's a security risk.

I second that question. Several times already I wished I had such a setup because the system was so congested that jobs would just time out.

Of course you can increase the duration, but if something is supposed to take less than 10 minutes but takes over half an hour, increasing limits won't really address the problem at hand.