Rhythm, the core of global music, is math.

2,000 year old Chinese music uses sanfen sunyi. You take a pipe length, cut it by a third, then extend the new one by a third, alternating. Hey look.....a petatonic scale.

Arabic music pitches even more. The maqam system uses intervals that fall between Western half steps, often called "quarter tones," Some used "commas" which divide the whole tone into 9 parts. This gives you octave with about 53 steps.