If a tiger attacks you, you better react fast, but one strictly human example is noticing and reacting to angry faces.
An angry person comes at you with a bloody hammer you react before you understand what's even happening
I can only assume you have some sort of philosophical objection here, but this is information processing.
Neurons are reacting to a range of chemical signals not just a single neurotransmitter because they don’t map to what CS style neural networks. Understanding the brain requires understanding the nuances not simplified models.
The key word is modulation.
Thats why I would not add the endocrine system as a system 3 or whatever.
DNA copying is also an information processing system but it's not considered in cognitive psychology but transcription factors will greatly effect behavior also.
But it humans that processing is more nuanced and the olfactory system is less advanced.