Thinking of it abstractly, Effects is a more generic version of the "what color is your function"¹ dilemma, and the way to make this kind of abstraction not "color too much" (i.e. not pollute the core language by wrapping everything in a monad that implements its own parallel runtime with exceptions, asynchrony, …) is an active research topic². Scala is advancing in this area by scoping effects in a manner that's not too dissimilar to a generalized version of rust's borrow-checker, and I'm very curious to see how that spans out.

¹: https://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2015/02/01/what-color-is-...

²: https://www.scala-lang.org/api/3.5.0/docs/docs/reference/exp...