It may soon be possible to create "mirror life"
economist.com
economist.com
I worked for this company that did telephone service for the hard of hearing. It was a phone that could go very loud. It also captioned the far end of the phone call, in case the user couldn't pick out all the words, even with the high volume.
I await your world-ending scenario for that tech and/or company.
Dolphins are advanced enough, we should let them take it from here.
Ironically, this is the type of mindset of scientists that do this type of dangerous research. Just to see if it’s possible, with no concern of ethics ever bothering them.
You thought you were enabling communication(already dangerous as per the babel fish!) but you were ensuring the means of transmission!
But seriously though, sounds like a fun job where the byproduct of your work improved the experiences and access of people, and thats pretty great.
It would be really ironic if we were similarly destroying institutional knowledge by optimizing away lots of "unimportant" roles, wouldn't it?
And in all cases your salary will be taxed to fund weapons and warfare no matter what work you're doing.
Your fingers alone can kill. Everything is a weapon. Don't ignore that fact. Seek to empower the evil doer that is doing the least evil. Do gooders don't run for office.
To get mirror substances you need to create them chemically which is PITA even if possible.
I highly recommend watching an interview with a person that achieved best results so far with creating artificial normal (for some definitions of normal) almost life from the grounds up.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4WywVQfIV4
There is a section of whether this kind of work enables creation mirror life as well.
Obviously not worth it, but to the person who themselves face an existential risk, the level of absurd justification from the instinct to survive will always trump sanity.
Or to make a couple of bucks. Reading that mirror-image sugars could work as calorie-free sweeteners feels like foreshadowing for the end of the world.
Well, some of them can not be absorbed by your guts, so the bacterias in your guts make a huge party and you feel bad, but they don't create scary versions of the bacterias.
- "Starfish"
- "Maelstrom"
- "βehemoth"
How I read that? Like Ssehemoth or like Behemoth?
In [1]: ord("β")
Out[1]: 946
In [2]: ord("ß")
Out[2]: 223But the context of the question is how a system like a human can make a visual distinction quickly via a characteristic
The characteristic I gave was the little tail which is independent of knowing the derivative of how it got its tail
How do we solve the housing crisis?
In my world, that'd be illegal.
All I hear is "there's no danger" or "OMG this will kill us all" and in neither case is any reason given.
Adamala et al., "Confronting risks of mirror life", Science, 12 Dec 2024 (doi 10.1126/science.ads9158). Thirty-eight co-authors, two of them Nobel laureates, several of whom had been working toward mirror cells. The argument is narrower than the headline: chirality is load-bearing in the systems that keep bacteria in check. Immune recognition, phage infection and microbial predation all key off molecular handedness, so a mirror bacterium plausibly slips through a lot of those filters while competing for the same nutrients as ordinary bacteria. The usual backstops (phages, predators, most antibiotics) are themselves handed, so they do not obviously cover it either.
That is a strong ask for a "this might be bad" paper: they say mirror bacteria should not be created, while explicitly keeping mirror molecules (L-RNA aptamers, mirror-image drugs) in bounds, because those are made by chemistry and are a different question.
It has moved since. 96 biotech researchers signed a statement agreeing with the conclusion. The first international meeting on mirror life largely agreed it should not be built. Germany's ZKBS said mirror-molecule work should continue but mirror bacteria warrant a broad scientific and societal debate. UNESCO's International Bioethics Committee recommended a precautionary global moratorium.
The honest caveat: there is a live disagreement, not a consensus. Some researchers argue the risk is still theoretical and that bans are premature (Nature, Sept 2025). And the feasibility is genuinely decades off. But "not soon" and "not studied" are different claims, and the risk case has been written down in detail by the people who wanted the technology to exist.
1. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads9158?referrer...
2. https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/mirror-life-experiment-d...
The detailed thinking has been published in high-ranking journals like Science. And even if the risk is relatively small, isn't that already a good enough reason not to cross this border. Do we have to fucking discover everything? Don't we have enough already?
The craziness of some people who want to know everything is beyond my comprehension.
Isn't that the point of science? To discover things? I don't think we know enough already.
Now should we pursue this specific dangerous research direction? Probably not. But I don't think broad statements like "we have enough already" are warranted.
Perform a series of primary safety experiments on board, determining whether mirror life truly does evade immune systems, predation, decomposition, or other biological check mechanisms.
If the safety experiment results are alarming, the spacecraft is not just far past Earth but has a powerful explosive on board and can be detonated in deep space. Any living matter scattered by the explosion would be destroyed by solar and cosmic rays, and it's not coming back to Earth anyway.
A maybe cheaper but slightly less intensively confined solution would be to do it deep underground with a tactical nuke on hand to turn the results into radioactive ash encased in bedrock if the results are alarming.
I think we should do this, since it's obvious that the technology to create mirror life exists. If it is existentially dangerous we should find out under highly isolated conditions. If it's not we can breathe a sigh of relief, and if it is we can take appropriate regulatory action before someone oops-es it.
Imagine a mirror-bacteria that does nothing directly against your cells, and seems benign at first glance... but it will slowly grow in your bloodstream and simply thicken it until your heart fails. Everyone in the world forever on artificial dialysis would not be survivable.
Bacteria in your body doesn't need to be entirely stealthy or entirely invulnerable or entirely toxic to kill you. Just "enough". Jellified-blood with inflammation would still be fatal.
If both sided life was prevalent early on, and one outcompeted the other, it may have gone extinct a billion years back. New life would have some difficulty evolving in an environment where existing life is well established.
- bacterial populations are being regulated by bacteriophages (viruses) or predators. They have spent millions of years evolving to hunt standard chiral life and wouldn't be physically able to digest or hunt mirror bacteria.
- the same is true of our immune system. Our pattern-recognition receptors only work for non-mirror molecules and wouldn't recognize a reversed molecular fingerprint. You may be able to engineer antibiotics and phages, but a vaccine would require a creative approach.
- the claim "yes but mirror bacteria would starve since they wouldn't find mirror food to eat in nature or in our bodies" doesn't hold up, because there are enough achiral (non-handed) nutrients in the soil, our blood and our gut that mirror bacteria could eat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror-image_life#Potential_ri...
'In December 2024, 38 scientists, including several synthetic biology researchers and two Nobel laureates, warned that the creation of mirror-image life could cause "unprecedented and irreversible harm" to human health and ecosystems worldwide. The reversed structure of mirror-image bacteria could allow them to evade many mechanisms critical for immunity and predation that have evolved to recognize natural-chirality structures. As a result, mirror-image bacteria could potentially escape immune defenses and invade natural ecosystems, leading to "pervasive lethal infections in a substantial fraction of plant and animal species, including humans."'
I don't think preons are technically mirror molecules, but it's close enough from a risk perspective. If rogue AI were to do us in through bioengineering, it might be by creating a novel prion.
Scrapie is incredibly durable in the environment; the prion toxins can remain transmissible in the soil for a decade, causing disease years after it was shed by its previous host.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmissible_spongiform_encep...
"Cattle are believed to have been infected by being fed meat-and-bone meal that contained either the remains of cattle who spontaneously developed the disease or scrapie-infected sheep products...
"The British Government enquiry took the view that the cause was not scrapie, as had originally been postulated, but was some event in the 1970s that could not be identified."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopat...
Of course there is also the whole potential apocalypse scenario
Potential applications of mirror-image molecules include:
Enantiopure drugs: Some pharmaceuticals show different activity depending on enantiomeric form.
L-ribonucleic acid aptamers: Artificial oligonucleotides that are constructed from the mirror-image versions of their natural forms. L-RNA aptamers are highly resistant to degradation by nucleases and are currently being tested in clinical trials.
L-glucose, enantiomer of standard glucose: Tests showed that it tastes likes standard sugar, but is not metabolized the same way. However, it was never marketed due to excessive manufacturing costs. More recent research allows cheap production with high yields; however the authors state that it is not usable as a sweetener due to laxative effects.
I do worry that much mass not being digested would be trouble for you though.
more seriously: how would it be able search for something it has no experience seeing at all
In one example, the mirror molecules would likely cause some sort of localized inflammation or other lesion, and then the immune system would be attracted to the area, generating trillions of combinations of randomized protein sequences. If within that trillion there is just 1 antibody that can bind to the mirror life, the immune system will duplicate that molecule many times, and they will bind to the mirror molecules, recruit other proteins that will isolate and degrade them, and then remove them from the body.
Due to the complexity of protein structures, antibodies can bind to mirror molecules.
Every time I show a computer scientist this system: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V(D)J_recombination they remark, "Wait, nature uses self-modifying code? It generates trillions of random combinations, shuffles them around, finding the best ones, and then amplifies them? You know that sort of sounds like this CS technique called genetic algorithms" at which point you just stare at them until the exclamation point above their head goes "BINGO"
With perfect knowledge of the immune system and the capability to create the pathogens of our dreams it would most likely be possible to create this pathogen of our dreams.
Making an entire self replicating mirror organism that would both have this property of "being invisible to the specific immune system" and AND being an effective pathogen is far from a solved problem though. It's further away as useful quantum computing!
We don't even have self replicating mirror cells, just some synthetic Frankensteins.
A reasonable argument is that mirror proteins will evade the usual degradation+antigen presentation pipeline and this will make efficient adaptive response more difficult, or that the innate immune reaction will not be enough to recruit adaptive response. But surely it's not impossible. And if we ever get to this point I'm very optimistic that we would have a good way to vaccinate against this.
We just don't know yet, but I want to believe because I think it's exciting. Protease failure, transport machinery failure, MHC binding failure, they are all stereospecific after all... So it's possible.
> And if you can do that then why go through mirror life anyway?
Because our body can produce antibodies against all "classical" forms of life. It's probably impossible to produce classical pathogens that are fully invisible to the immune system. That's the whole point and danger of mirror life in the context of pathogen creation. Plenty of classical pathogens were our antibodies (usually) don't help already exist though: HIV for example, where only very few people are lucky enough to be elite neutralizers. If we wanted to do biological warfare, it would probably easier to enhance those viruses.
> And if we ever get to this point I'm very optimistic that we would have a good way to vaccinate against this.
I am not so sure about this, if the bodies molecular machinery is unable to produce antigens for those pathogens, no classical or mrna vaccine is gonna trick the body into producing them, it's just technically impossible. You'd need to "update" the whole immune system to be able to manufacture the mirror antibodies and from that we are an eternity away. The only remotely feasible cure in such a world would be through infecting the body with another mirror-pathogen that produces mirror-antibodies or directly injecting mirror-antibodies...
Most of the key molecules of life are chiral, existing in one of two mirror-image structures; life uses only one. Receptors and enzymes using one cannot generally recognize the other. Most 'wrong-handed' chiral chemicals are like having a key cut in a mirror image where the index slot and the pins are cut on the wrong side; it won't even fit in the lock.
It could plausibly turn out there is so little ability for the different chiral forms to interact that 'mirror life' would not be a threat. It could also turn out to the extent they could interact, regular life could also detect and evolve how to counteract the novel pathogens in time.
And even if the interaction is low so they aren't highly infectious, the lack of ability to recognize the 'mirror-life' means regular life cannot attack it so mirror life grows unchecked and consumes resources needed for all life.
But there are so many unknowns, and so many unknown unknowns, and such absolutely catastrophic consequences for life on earth, that relying on ALL of those possible success modes working is stupidity beyond insanity.
This is probably the biggest example of "just because you can does not mean you should".