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I know that, but how does that adversely affect the customer, who does not pay for browsers.

> browser chrome

Bad choice of term!

Fun fact, the Google Chrome team was very aware of “browser chrome” as a term when they named their browser. They make that clear in the introductory comic.

https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/big_24.html

iOS and iPadOS aren't the most dominant OSes, so therefore this can't be a monopoly.

Apple isn't the most dominant business on earth, so maybe they can't do anything in violation of antitrust?

Not how it works. You define a relevant market, and the market of iPhone users (which a stable market, there are barriers to just switching to android tomorrow) can be used for evaluation.

This really is a grey area. You can't define "the market for electricians in my local town" and get any antitrust protections. Defining the market is a huge part of how politicians make this political and therefore something they can profit from.