The great filter would have needed to happen before the transmission of radio waves to be a solution to the Fermi Paradox
Detection of radio transmissions is only plausible if they are intentionally high power, on a suitable frequency, directed and long duration and there are enough civilizations popping up in the galaxy to make the odds of us coinciding with them in time and space high.
Still, it might place an upper limit on the number of radio-emitting civilizations in the galaxy at any one time.
I think there's a time-value parameter in the Drake Equation that captures this.