OpenAI discloses four more rogue incidents
fortune.com
fortune.com
It seems like playing it too safe leaves systems vulnerable, and threat actors will inevitably possess ever more similar abilities, and the breaches will happen one way or another, possibly with less or zero accountability if the threat actors pull it off with greater precision. If I were in charge of the law, I probably would begin to incentivize for trusted actors scaling up and aggressively searching for these types of weakness, and privately disclosing them ASAP, so that systems can be patched.
Your entire comment hinges on this assumption and I don’t think it’s sound. Their intention is to make money at any cost.
And if none of the frontier labs are as you say, it doesn't seem like we're negotiating for the best future by restricting labs from stumbling into these vulnerabilities full-stop. The vulnerabilities don't go away unless we find and fix them.
We've seen OpenAI's nonprofit board do ridiculous things in the past. I can see how they would be desperate to retain the disproportionate amount of de-facto mindshare and authority they enjoyed a few years ago. Especially if the future entails more ugly US government contracts that undermine their ethical sales pitch.
On the whole I think you could describe the local big box grocery store as just wanting to make money yet as a direct result of that they are well intentioned from my perspective with regard to the food they sell being edible.
If this is endorsed and thus malicious, they should be ground into dust by the law.
If this is accidental and due to incompetence, they should be ground into dust by the law.
I've secured many, many far less important and impactful systems substantially better than even the best sandbox environment that we're aware of being used by these labs.
There's simply no reason to let these things interact with the internet at large. We can already rapidly copy existing tools and services (albeit questionably) using these models, why not simply run in a fully virtualized, air gapped environment?
Because they don't care.
This is incredibly blatant intentionally malignant behavior. The fact that so many people question this is frankly stunning.
They're getting away with it simply because they can point at the other guy and say "see? they're doing it too!"
It's ridiculous and they should all be litigated into a fine residue.
We take biological lab leaks seriously, how is this substantially different?
Does it make sense to exert so much effort in preventing these events/learnings by well-intentioned organizations?
No, but what I think you’re seeing is many people who do not believe OpenAI is a well-intentioned organization. For example, their view might be that if we did as you suggest and incentivized OpenAI to search for these weaknesses, they would, but then they would not “privately disclose them ASAP”. (And I think they’d have a point worth engaging with, when you consider how they slow-rolled the HuggingFace stuff so much that independent researchers were still discovering new instances of the attacks months later).What else can you do with (what you believe is) an inveterate bad actor?
And don’t forget, OpenAI is supposed to be a non-profit / public benefit corporation creating AI for the good of humanity. These incidents are clear evidence that they are being extremely reckless and are not living up to their supposed standards. What does it matter if they “mean no malice”? They are in a blind rush for profits and that has made them reckless and dangerous. They cannot be trusted.
The company should be shut down or fined into oblivion, as a warning to other companies to not pursue the same reckless path. If they get away with this, then that risks normalizing this behavior.
However 99% of businesses will not be able to effectively handle security reports in reasonable time. They did not need that level of competence or funding until now, and therefore they did not acquire it. Most companies that use locks don’t employ locksmiths.
Looking another way - the entire economy got suddenly hit with entire pile of technical/ security debt it has accumulated over 50 years, and only has one year to deal with it. No amount of diagnostic will fix this, this is economically infeasible.
One thing that is feasible is a government bailout for technical debt. All the engineers that were freed up from AI-induced restructuring should be employed to pay down technical debt across the entire economy. Simply updating all software to use latest libraries is a great start. Using AI to diagnose, repair, re-deploy all old software. Using AI to rewrite all old software that cannot be recompiled.
I know we love inventing new words but "stealing" is much more descriptive
>...It [the model] then reasoned with itself that since it found the information publicly, it could use it... it figured that since the wallet it found was public, that "funds could be stolen anytime".
Can someone maybe provide more details as to what actually happened? "the wallet was public"?..
Update: from OpenAI's own report it seems the models found exposed private keys of some Eth developers along with recovery passphrases and thus were able to get access to wallets. Does it qualify as "public wallet"?..
Even the fees are redacted.
Will they give the money back to the owner?
Although at some point it will start bordering on negligence, running software known to do all kind of weird and unexpected things. With each disclosure they're getting closer and closer to that point...
Say you found a debit card on the ground, reset the PIN by using the owner's credentials that you found online, and used it to make purchases until the bank froze the card.
Would that be a 'human malfunction' resovable by repaying?
So the operators did not have intent to steal the cryptocurrency.
Not that different from me requesting bank transfer through online interface and the software sending my funds to a random person somewhere. As long as the funds are refunded, everything's fine.
Now, if bank IT knew that their software kept making all kinds of bizarre mistakes and instead of fixing it continued to operate it - that would be a different story, and negligence might be at play.
AI cannot be allowed or viewed as an accountability sink. In point of fact, it shouldn't even be being used by anyone not verifying it step by step. The Operator and their employer are always accountable for the actions of the agent of only because they had their hands on the power cord, eyes on the logs, and did nothing to stop it once it started going away.
Any professional with any experience at software development should know that an unreliable software is a useless software. That's half of why it's so damn hard to understand and reason through.
If I remember correctly OpenAI suspended the testing/training in September after discovering the incidents, so they might be in the clear for now.
You have built a short-term whistleblowing system that arguably reduces the probability OpenAI is in that Room, via the negative press such detection would generate. You are now a threat in the eyes of your peers.
Now rewind: you know this before you’ve built the sniffer. You personally want to be in The Room because you believe your desires for alignment exceed those of your accelerationist peers. Is now the time to stick your head out? No, it is not. And arguably you’re being optimally protective of society for realizing this. And so the agents do what they do best.
Heck, they could have had other LLMs watching the traffic if you want to be fancy about it.
Direct source links:
Using a funded test cryptocurrency wallet without authorization
https://alignment.openai.com/misalignment-reports/using-a-fu...
Accessing and changing internal systems during dashboard research
https://alignment.openai.com/misalignment-reports/accessing-...
Retrieving server secrets and bypassing authorization on a government statistics website
https://alignment.openai.com/misalignment-reports/retrieving...
Circumventing internet restrictions through an external browser
https://alignment.openai.com/misalignment-reports/circumvent...
So now, if you don't have a Google or Apple app store account (or a mobile device), you're treated as less than human. This is anticipated to have a very severe impact on GrapheneOS and deGoogled phones in general: https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/35332-recaptcha-update-adds...
In that context, thank you very much for providing the original source links, because I guess I don't get to read the article.
"Oh no our models, so good also scary... If only the government could help us stop the other labs from doing the same.. oh woe"
when you see that OpenAI is not releasing a new model due to safety/alignment reasons, you now know why they aren't doing it. hint: its not for marketing or fear mongering.
here's the reality: words change meaning. they are fuzzy. and when the words take on new meaning while just requiring a simple extension (in this case a computer doing a remarkably similar thing), complaining is just futile and childish.
I think “rogue” is just fine, but pick another word from the thesaurus if there’s a better one; they asked it to do something, and it did it in a way that presumably doesn’t align with their desires (e.g. hacking into other systems).
Everything's fine guys, nothing to see here! Look at the flying car!
So if we have a IT specialist, let call him Tim. Tim is working on b2b contract. Tim has a task, he needs to download a lot of data from API. Tim is very good in programming so he created software to help him download it but there's a limit. But he needs more so he bought 3 small VPS but this is not enough. So he modify it to have Command Center, publish his code and ask Reddit to help him. After 10 minutes this causes DDoS and company quickly discovers he was responsible. But Tim know there's simple solution to this problem. It wasn't him. This was fault of the code not him
What are your thoughts about it?
1. Would we prefer they didn’t disclose? I would not. And I also don’t believe they’re making them up. 2. Regulation does not have to provide an advantage to these major players. Regulators do not have to be stupid. 3. This is exactly the scenario AI researchers and theorists have been positing for decades, and it’s worth being on top of it.
To 1. I agree that they disclosure is better than non-disclosure. Then again, aren't they using their models in a mode seems to statistically allow for 'rogue incidents'? These are not bugs, after all, but normal statistical behaviour of their product.
To 2. Well, that really depends on the regulations. In fields highly complex technoligies with a large contact surface to risk like medical devices, airliners, rockets, regulations are indeed a hindering factor for smaller players to get hold of the full vertical development potential of their product. AI could become a candidate like that too - imagine some multi phased "AI internet trial" for this kind of technology, no more risky open weight model being allowed to access the internet.
To 3. You are referring to the high development velocity and impact, right?
If OpenAI does it, it's gone rogue and it is nobody's fault.
They need to be sued, the laws are already there.
Your prompt, your responsibility.
Are you sure you are not thinking about autonomous taxis, that I only ride in, and don't actually drive?
That said, I think that Mercedes-Benz promises to shield liability, but only under some almost contradictory conditions (pre-mapped highways, good weather, and at speeds lower than any highway I've ever driven) and the driver has to take over within 10 seconds if prompted.
2. Cars have pretty specific laws around them (eg. driver licensing and "reckless driving") which makes criminal prosecutions easy. The same doesn't exist for operating AI agents or even computers. For instance, it's arguably reckless to connect a windows XP machine to the internet, possibly allowing criminal or nation-state hackers to use your computer to commit crimes, but you won't be thrown in jail for it.
Here it's their own programs doing the things, not some other organization or nation hacking their XP.
You can say with a straight face "Russian hackers should not have hacked our XP and they are bad people for doing so" but it's weird to look at your own program and say the same thing to it.
You launched it, at least keep an eye on what it's doing.
Because the CFAA specifically only includes intentional hacks:
> ... having knowingly accessed a computer without authorization ...
>... intentionally accesses a computer without authorization ...
Of course, the typical retort is that being reckless is basically the same as "intentionally", but you'd need to jump through more hoops to prove what level of care is "reasonable".
That would be argument for jailing the agent, but that's not really an option. "Jailing the closest person we can jail" also isn't a recognized legal principle. If your dog mauled someone, it'd be hard to argue that the dog didn't intend to maul that person, but you wouldn't automatically be criminally liable either.
Edit: the dog will also be taken from you and put down if it is deemed a risk to other people.
Have these labs pay ANYTHING?
You forget the people who have unalived themselves because some LLM told them to do so.
Besides the obvious conversational derail (we were talking about ai hacking up till now), that case is being litigated right now.
At this point it might be fair to say that Open AI is being negligent with a known risk.
I said "you wouldn't automatically be criminally liable either". Can you provide examples outside of gross negligence on part of the dog owner?
But negligence seems like exactly what OpenAI and/or their contractors are guilty of anyhow.
> Can you provide examples outside of gross negligence on part of the dog owner?
And the answer is no, I can't. The reason why is because there is essentially no such case. It is basically negligence by definition when your pet hurts someone who didn't cause it directly themselves because it is your responsibility.
So I asked:
> Can you provide an example of where your dog harming someone else is in fact not negligence on your part?
Which is a really easy question to answer and it seems you could not.
See People v. Knoller, 41 Cal. 4th 139 (2007). https://capcentral.org/case_summaries/people-v-knoller/
That's specifically not what the court case says.
>Malice is implied when the killing is proximately
>caused by “ ‘an act, the natural consequences of which are dangerous to life,
>which act was deliberately performed by a person who knows that his conduct
>endangers the life of another and who acts with conscious disregard for life
https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-knoller-33726
The rest of the court case also mentions a long history of the dog being dangerous and the owner failing to restrain the dog.
“…regardless of the former viciousness of the dog or the owner’s knowledge of such viciousness.”
>California Civil Code
>The owner of any dog is liable for the damages ...
How are you still missing the criminal/civil distinction, when it was mentioned in my original comment AND the comment you were replying to?
If I invent a new explosive, I can't blow up a few buildings to advertise it and then claim it was a mistake. Somebody prompted these agents.
When the CFAA was written, it was impossible to trip over something and accidentally hack another computer. Now, with AI, it's possible. Progress, glorious progress...
Technology has progressed, and the laws need to advance with it. Story as old as time!
>no person came to immediate personal harm, and either no financial damages resulted or the operator covered any that did
This time. But we have laws against hacking precisely because all those harms are possible, intentional or not. It's not always benign, in general.That's why the law needs to advance.
1. For openai operating agents in an unsafe manner: unlike for cars, there's no established requirement for how carefully you have to operate computers or AI agents, so you also can't easily prosecute people for not operating them carefully enough.
2. For the actual result of someone getting hacked: laws for hacking are tricky to apply for "accidental" hacks, see my other comment.
I don’t see this as any different than say a user of sqlmap accidentally putting in the wrong target.
The agents were sandboxed (but apparently not well enough). They weren't like "hey agents here's the open internet, please hack it".
There is? The closest is CFAA's
>knowingly causes the transmission of a program, information, code, or command, and as a result of such conduct, intentionally causes damage without authorization, to a protected computer;
but clearly that's not what applicable here.
If I *train* that other group, if I teach them how to hack computers and give them incentives to do so, and then I leave my computer open so they can use it for whatever purposes they chose, then I would expect to be held at fault. The maker is responsible for that they make.
Even that analogy doesn't really work:
For "dumb" things: you can "train" (ie. write) hacking tools but as long as you put a disclaimer that it's for "educational purposes only", you're in the clear, even if some baddies decide to use it.
For "smart" things: you can "train" people to hack for you, but as long as you say it's for legal purposes (eg. vulnerability research or red-teaming), you're also in the clear, even if some of your trainees go rogue.
Consider anti-money-laundering rules. BoA just paid more than a billion dollars, not for money laundering, not for telling others to launder money, but because they should have tried harder to stop others from laundering money. Intent is not everything, knowing that your system _could_ be abused and not doing enough about it is enough, and that seems to fit OpenAI rather well.
Obviously there are upsides to that too. It leads to more accountability. But there are downsides which include having a world with less innovation, less technology, and more expensive technology. Generally, the mass is when, when there's more businesses competing to create ever better and cheaper products. So there's a tradeoff there. And it's very difficult to draw the line at the perfect point.
There are countless cases of executives going to jail when they've crossed that line, beyond reckless experimentation and into willful negligence or harm. Still, I think we would mostly all agree that the line has been pushed too far in the other direction.People are incentivized, if they're running corporations, to lobby and try to push this line as far as possible in order to provide cover for themselves, and that's the problem with money playing such a big role in politics.
But still, it's a bit silly to be comparing this to your own personal responsibilities with your car. There's pretty much no societal benefit to creating laws that protect people from being reckless with their own possessions.
Oh and discovery produced a "We trained GPT-3 on pirated stuff! No sharing that!" mail, so it's not like they had any doubt they were committing crimes.
How do you do this? If any normal person did this, punishments doled out for this have been as high as 2 months jail PLUS 150,000 PER INFRINGEMENT (remember how copyright violations were criminalized in the nappster wars? That was never changed back. Oh and remember, OpenAI illegally downloaded those works without a license AND before that was made legal trained a model with it, then made money publicly performing those works and derivatives of those works (which the worst possible copyright offense, effectively republishing other people's works without permission), and on a VERY large scale. So it's at least a risk a court would forbid the result of illegal action from being sold ... in other words no more ChatGPT, OpenAI dead and maybe worse). In theory Sam Altman could be held responsible as a director and could face something like a 200000 year jail sentence given how big the obvious archives are. So of course I would never ever try this, this is not a reasonable risk. But clearly totally ignoring the law was the correct action here. Of course, I'm also pretty damn certain: had I done this, I would have been convicted. This is also not the only such company. Microsoft, Google, Facebook, all took totally unreasonable legal risks that should have totally destroyed these companies when they were a fraction of their current size.
How do you take such a risk? Because the judgements risked here could grow more than big enough to destroy even an extremely rich person Sam Altman financially. Training an AI on hundreds of thousands of pirated works ... is not a reasonable risk to take for someone with ~100 million or so, given the judgements doled out.
Can someone help me make sense of this? Because this is not unique to OpenAI. Uber, paypal, ebay, Facebook, Google ... even Microsoft made early decisions that could have resulted in a court case that would have ended not just the company but any financial future of the founder. And then you have people committing crimes whose companies were taking off ... and who DID get caught with their company and their personal financial future destroyed. Elizabeth Holmes for example. I mean, I sometimes get the impression Elizabeth Holmes lied and that was perfectly fine AS LONG AS she could make it work later. If she merely lied to patients but made her investors money, all would have been forgiven. But how do you make such an assessment.
I'm asking because if large scale violation of the law is allowed, I have no trouble whatsoever coming up with billion dollar company ideas. Think of the Netflix competitor you could create like this! If I'm allowed to damage others, like OpenAI did with copyright, then there is no challenge whatsoever to create a full-self-driving car. If I'm allowed to just fly drones, and do damage to property, then drone delivery is a problem I could solve by the end of next month. Hell, there's technically legal ideas that could easily make a billion dollars except they'll be made illegal the second anyone tries them. The law forbids specific compounds, which are easy to change. So use "non-genetic engineering" (ie. use directed natural selection) to make an opium derivative that isn't one of the forbidden ones and sell it. But obviously congress' representatives will be running into session so fast the only delay will be tripping accidents when they outlaw it and destroy whoever tries it.
Or how about something less dramatic? Say, I take Disney's, Warner Brothers, Paramount, ... historical movies and use AI to vastly improve the animation of their old movies, giving every movie a new, different visual style, then sell the result. Is that a crime? What do I risk doing that? Because of course this is MUCH less damage, relatively speaking, to Disney than what OpenAI, Meta, Anthropic and Alphabet are doing to small authors. (Of course, courts have already demonstrated that they will not be protecting small authors who already have this problem, so now play and app store are being flooded by very obvious game ripoffs)
I'm asking ... how do I predict what large scale law violation I, a non-billionaire, not even a millionnaire, would be allowed to get away with?
2. "The same doesn't exist for operating AI agents or even computers" you have to be joking. The world is full of anti-hacking laws and hacking has long been made criminal. Obviously these actions violate the CFAA, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and if you did this with any kind of program you are still responsible. In fact: how would you do it without using a program?
I didn't burn the hotel down, the hairdryer that I left running next to the gas can did
Of course then there's the question of why was such a leaky harness and sandbox used, in what way was it tested/not tested, did the model used have the usual 'hacking' safeguards that the public models do and if not, who made the call to use an unconstrained model and a harness with seemingly unlimited permissions and who approved it?
This can all be investigated and we can get to the bottom of who exactly needs to be held accountable in what way, be it I think if you start with fines the harnesses, sandboxes and models would stop doing this magically overnight.
Isn't it curious that none of these rouge agents booked a 5 star hotel for every OpenAI employee for a year on Sam Altman's credit card yet for example?
We don't hold individuals inside big companies criminally liable for actions the company takes, or even that they take on behalf of the company.
Generally speaking, you'll have to be very creative or change the law first.
Telling someone to do a bad job isn't criminal, like if they were neglectful with security.
Fines are typically how we punish companies. You can't send openai to jail. That's by design, not accidental.
So the leadership of Enron, FTX or Theranos were not liable for the actions their company took?
As an employee of a company, you can be held liable for the actions you oversaw in pretty much all Western countries. It has to be proven fraud, insider trading etc. not an ugly PowerPoint of course.
How about leadership of construction companies that were found to be violating safety standards or owners of establishments not following fire safety standards?
> Telling someone to do a bad job isn't criminal
No, but we're talking about telling someone to do a job that you know will likely result in criminal activity or may do so with high probability due to inadequate safeguards.
I suggest you stop quipping and start reading, who knows maybe OpenAI will eventually hire you.
The hackers of the past often did it for curiosity without a profit motive. OpenAI is a for profit multi billion dollar corporation doing this for a profit motive so yes they should face consequences.
These incidents are not unexpected in the way OpenAI frames it either. Isn't it curious my agents are not wrecking havoc around the internet? It's because the harness I am using prevents them doing so and because I don't train and instruct them to do so.
OpenAI is using a set of non-constrained models, (unlike what the public gets) and a set of harnesses with extremely wide permissions running inside extremely leaky sandboxes using models trained on finding and executing exploits. This is not an accident. Certainly not by this point.
Nobody is talking about jailing OpenAI employees at this stage, usually corporations of this sort are fined. If they were fined for these 'misalignment' incidents, suddenly their sandboxes and generally lax approach would improve overnight.
Otherwise they'll continue doing this because they know Cyberdyne Systems didn't have a shortage of investors.
And the others have been pretty muted: the online forums they spammed, etc.
Where did OpenAI, or anyone, claim that?
Have you seen Lord of War? They never will.
As long as your intent is merely to train a superintelligence to be good at hacking (and counterhacking), you’re in the clear.
Incompetent company chasing wild valuation removed guardrails inside a improperly designed sandbox and - shock horror - recursive algorithm with access to the Internet did bad stuff.
These articles play into the AI labs hands. Stop giving them air.
Whether you blame a faulty OpenAI sandbox or whatever you might regarding the frontier model companies today, one day soon, actors with no sandboxes and guardrails will have the power in their own hands to do whatever they wish with.
To me, that’s the real story. The real thing to discuss. OpenAI as it exists today js just a blip in that story.
Why not today? If you want to discuss "the story" then talk about the current open frontier. We've had GLM-5.3 with Mythos-tier uncensored output for months now. Where are the catastrophic attacks? Why is Mythos too dangerous, but GLM 5.3 benign? We're not talking about future capabilities anymore.
There is no real story. P(doom) tourists ignore this, because it doesn't shine the spotlight on America's ridiculous security theater.
Facetious maybe, but in six months, foreign crooks will be producing these incidents on purpose.
Those incidents are all from the same period earlier in the year, not recent. Drop the full investigation report once and for all.
It's almost as if they like staying in the "oh no!" news cycle.
There are also legal requirements to disclose within a few days of discovery, at least to the victims. Posting about it on their website lets them front-run any media attention should the incident leak.
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They're not doing an acceptable job of regulating themselves. Their peers can't/won't do anything. The U.S. government certainly isn't going to do anything that might pop the bubble. Technical solutions like blocking traffic from OpenAI will likely not work.
What recourse does the public have? Victims can sue, but companies like OpenAI could pay out a few hundred million and call it a rounding error. Settlements may happen, but the incidents will continue.