- In Blindsight [1] the main character is a "synthesist", part of his job is to figure out what much more intelligent transhuman or artificial intelligence is up to and translate it to normal people.
- In Children of Time [2] the character is a "classicist", he studies ancient technology, which is far more advanced than the technology humans have in his era thanks to a technological collapse.
Ted Chiang's story came first, but these are still over a decade (or two) old.
In general, though, it's amazing how much hard science fiction authors managed to get right. I've read quite a few 20 year old books recently and while I might just be selecting those that aged well, someone definitely saw it all coming.
Blindsight also has augmented humans whose reasoning is beyond baseline human understanding and there are dedicated people that are there to bridge the communication.