If there is blasting music at 3am the police in my area would deal with that and every city I have lived in deals with those type of nuance issues quickly.
HOAs are not common where I live and they just sound like people privatizing what your local government should be doing.
Yes, that is what they are. It's easier to agree to a covenant to follow some rules and do things than it is to change laws and then get them enforced. You can't think of one thing you wish would be enforced that isn't a law? "I wish my neighbor didn't paint his house an ugly hot pink and park a rusted tractor on the lawn." Well with a hoa you can all agree to not do that.
American cities are largely failed states where police would not respond to anything short of murder, so yeah be grateful for your place of living
Also since my city is a democracy with vibrant civic engagement, if I thought a law needed changing I am pretty sure it would be fully debated and considered. What I have heard from friends who have lived in HOAs would suggest that I could not be confident the HOA board would give a crap.
And yet, people still live there. Sounds like a reasonable work-around.