No, but when used in application areas where languages like C++ are the obvious alternatives, it has always had very good integration with native code and platform technologies, and in recent history both C# and the .NET ecosystem have been very focused on performance and platform support.
Put another way, "100% pure .NET" was never a goal in the same way it was in the Java world, but I never saw this as holding it back any more than the reliance on native code holds back languages like Python, because both have very good integration stories.
My only complaint is the lack of cross-platform support for C++/CLI, as it was a very useful tool for integrating with libraries that lack a non-C++ API.