Probably not effective, our gut is very good at splicing up proteins into constituent amino acids.
If you want specific proteins/peptides in your bloodstream*, for now the most reliable way is generally to inject them.
But yeah, it is very much not necessarily the case that our own bodies will produce the same proteins under similar exercise, or that the mouse proteins released would have the same effects in us as in them, or that proteins released under similar exercise would actually de-age us.
It's interesting to track down the mechanisms in mice (exercise induces protein release - how? - which then de-ages the mice - also, how?) but you have to reproduce the work entirely separately in humans. Not just because it might not work, but because it is very important (and neat!) to understand the biochemical mechanisms of human ageing and de-ageing, and that understanding of How Things Work is a big part of the long-term reward.
[*] I'm not advocating for injecting untested/unregulated proteins or peptides, only speaking of ROA, route of administration
So what you really need to do is clone yourself, then hook your clones up to a machine that torments them by constantly warping their bones, and give yourself regular blood infusions from them. You'd have to create a facility to do all this in. Let's call it a torment nexus, just to pick a random name.
Say, has anyone tracked down what Larry Ellison is doing at the various real estate he owns?