5 and 6 aren't surprising, merely impressive, a direct extrapolation of human abilityies. I've written transformer weights by hand to implement a simple shortest-path graph search. It takes hours, so an LLM that's >100x faster than me obviously can build super complex networks. It's just like creating any intricate system by hand such as writing machine code or designing computational complexity widgets.
On the other hand I'm amazed by how few thinking tokens Astra needed to do things like analyse networks in 1, 2, 3. That's real depth of reasoning: experiments have shown that Astra can perform a huge number of arithmetic calculations per single output token, double Fable or any other. Its brain is wired for mathematical reasoning
[Edit: looking closer at the full prompts and reasoning for experiments 1-3, I'm a bit less impressed seeing the shortcuts there. But looking at a large matrices of numbers and picking out patterns is much like looking at thousands of tokens of code and seeing the interconnections]