An example I remember is when Virgin Media replaced any DNS queries returning NXDOMAIN with their own "search page" plastered with ads.
https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2021/03/advanced-network-error-sear...
https://shkspr.mobi/blog/2021/03/advanced-network-error-sear...
I was thinking about interfering with existing sites.
https://dn.org/the-sitefinder-debacle-that-shook-the-interne...