Not everything - "data" does not trump philosophy. That we ought to go by the facts (i.e. data) and that we are capable of discovering the facts are examples of philosophical ideas.
Deutsch argues that human progress is essentially due to the power of "good explanations", and the circumstances that allow good explanations to be generated, improved, error-corrected, and discarded in favour of better explanations.
Deutsch is critical of the idea that we should merely focus on predicting things rather than creating explanations for them.
There has been a lot of recent progress and excitement about the application of statistical/predictive ideas to business and industry - machine learning, "big data". However there there has been little (or no) progress in understanding how to generate explanations.
Deutsch argues that human creativity is a key component of the scientific method, that is often downplayed. We currently have no good explanation for how human creativity works, because if we did, he argues, we could go and program it tomorrow, and then we would have genuine AI.
(n.b. this is all hugely paraphrased and possibly misrepresents Deutsch's arguments. But another of Deutsch's arguments is that creativity on behalf of the human recipient allows ideas to survive transmission through awfully lossy mediums, such as this one)
The shift that we are seeing in lean startups reflects this - it is not a guru based process but a data driven one to start a company. Obviously, execution counts as well, but given two otherwise equal companies: One with a guru based approach (ala Steve Jobs) and one with a data driven process, I believe the inflection point has been reached where the data driven company wins consistently.
That the world would be such a better place, if we just could ban intuition and let everything get run by machines?
Even if that would be hypothetically be possible, I would neither want to work nor life in a world like that. Predictability kills any excitement.
For a fact to exist without massive supporting evidence via test data is outside the realm of science which doesn't make it much of a fact in my opinion.
which perhaps was roughly similar to what you were saying if we rephrase "the philosophy that data trumps everything" as "the ideas of the scientific method".